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Civil disorder, also known as civil unrest or civil strife, is a broad term that is typically used by law enforcement to describe unrest caused by a group of people.〔Schurink, W.J. (1990) (''Victimization: Nature and Trends.'' ) Human Sciences Research Council. ISBN 0796912580. p. 416.〕 Civil disturbance is typically a symptom of, and a form of protest against, major socio-political problems; the severity of the action coincides with public expression(s) of displeasure. Examples of civil disorder include: illegal parades; sit-ins and other forms of obstructions; riots; sabotage; and other forms of crime. It is typically intended to be a demonstration to the public or the government, but can escalate into general chaos.〔Black, D. (2007) ''What to Do When the Shit Hits the Fan.'' Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 1626361096. p. 212.〕 Contagion effects and endogenous processes of positive feedback also explains how civil disorder emerges and propagates. Citizens not directly involved in a civil disorder may have their lives significantly disrupted. Their ability to work, enjoy recreation and in some cases, obtain necessities may be jeopardized. Disruption of infrastructure may occur during very severe events. Public utilities such as water, fuel and electricity may be temporarily unavailable, as well as public infrastructure for communication. Occasionally, the disruption of such services may be the original cause of the disorder.〔Vale, L.J. and Campanella, T.J. (2005) ''The Resilient City: How Modern Cities Recover from Disaster.'' Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195175832. p. 299.〕 More frequently, the cause of such issues is related to economic stagnation, severe inflation, devaluation of currency, disasters, be they man made or natural, severe unemployment, oppression, political scandal, or, in some countries, sporting events. Civil disorder can occur in any country and environment. Switzerland, a country unaligned with any major organization, saw much civil unrest in the weeks prior to its October 2008 elections. ==See also== *Civil disobedience *Direct action *Economic collapse *Human overpopulation *Insurgency *List of riots *List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States *Martial law *Mass incidents in China *Pogrom *Rebellion *Revolution *Sectarian violence *State of emergency 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Civil disorder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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